Deep Dive of the Day What vSAN ESA storage policies do (and don't do) in VCF 9.1
If you've opened the Storage Rules tab on a vSAN storage policy, you've probably read it as a set of per-VM switches: encryption on or off, compression on or off. That's a reasonable reading of the UI, but it isn't how it works. As Duncan Epping lays out in his 2026 update on the subject, Storage Rules mostly act as filters. They decide which vSAN datastores show up as compatible for the policy, based on what each cluster has switched on, rather than turning those services on or off for an individual VM.
The reason is that space efficiency and encryption are cluster services in vSAN ESA. TechDocs describes the ESA write path as inline compression followed by encryption, with deduplication running as an offline background process, and encryption always applied last so the data on the devices is encrypted. VCF 9.1 adds ESA Global Deduplication, which the release notes call "a cluster-wide and post-processing setting with encryption support", alongside improved ESA compression and Auto RAID-6 as the default layout. None of those are per-VM choices: you set them on the cluster, and policies then steer VMs to clusters that match.
There's one change between releases that's easy to trip over. On ESA before 9.1, the "No data reduction" rule actually disabled compression for every object using that policy. From vSAN 9.1 it behaves like the others and only matches datastores where compression is already off. So a policy you built on an earlier release to exempt, say, already-compressed database volumes no longer does that after the upgrade; it simply makes those VMs non-compliant on a cluster that compresses. The "require encryption" and "no encryption" rules work the same way, limiting which datastores match rather than encrypting anything.
In production, the practical upshot is to design for it at the cluster level. If a workload genuinely needs different efficiency or encryption settings, it needs a cluster with those settings, and the policy is how you make sure it lands there. Encryption needs either an external KMS or a vSphere Native Key Provider, vCenter only holds key IDs, and you can rotate keys if one is compromised. Before upgrading to 9.1, check any policy that uses "No data reduction" and decide whether you still need it, and remember that with Auto-RAID enabled on a policy, not every Storage Rules option is shown until you turn it off.
In a nested lab this matters mostly when you're testing space savings. If you want to compare compressed and uncompressed results, change the cluster's setting (or build a second small cluster) rather than relying on a policy, and give global deduplication time to run, since it's a background process and won't show savings straight after a copy. And if you're testing encryption, a Native Key Provider is the lightest way to do it without standing up a KMS.
Based on What's New in vSAN, VCF 9.1 (TechDocs) Official vSAN Data-At-Rest Encryption, VCF 9.1 (TechDocs) Official vSAN Storage Rules: the 2026 update (Yellow Bricks, 1 Oct)